英语语法中的句子成分详解
句子成分的定义
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
英语语法句子成分分析：主语
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)
We often speak English in class.(代词)
One-third of the students in this claare girls.(数词)
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)
The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)
It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
英语语法句子成分分析：谓语
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You m*** keep the book for two weeks. He has c***ght a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.
英语语法句子成分分析：表语
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:
Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)
Is it yours?(代词)
The weather has turned cold.(形容词)
The speech is exciting.(分词)
Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)
His job is to teach English.(不定式)
His ho***y(爱好)is pl***ing football.(动名词)
The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)
Time is up. The clais over.(副词)
The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)
英语语法句子成分分析：宾语
宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:
They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterd***.(名词)
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词)
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)
They helped the old with their housework yesterd***.(名词化形容词)
He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)
I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)
I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)
宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.
英语语法句子成分分析：宾语补足语
英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:
His father named him Dongming.(名词)
They painted their boat white.(形容词)
Let the fresh air in.(副词)
You mustn't force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语)
We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)
We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)
We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)
英语语法句子成分分析：定语
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:
Guilin is a be***tiful city.(形容词)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)
There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词)
His rapid progrein English made us surprised.(代词)
Our monitor is alw***s the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)
He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语)
英语语法句子成分分析
英语语法句子成分是英语的核心，我在这里整理了相关知识，希望能帮助到大家。
英语语法句子成分分析
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
主语
主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。
如：
讲述“谁” We work in a big factory.
讲述“什么” The classroom is very big.
数词作主语 Three are enough.
从句作主语 What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物.
▲ 在“There be …”句型中，主语的位置在中间。如：
There are some bottles of milk in the box.
▲ 在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。如：
It is very interesting topl*** the game called “treat or trick”.
It took two workers aboutthree months to build the house.
谓语
谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。
如：He is very generous.
She looks very ***art and cool
We have finished the job.
He can speak German.
表语
表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当，它的位置在系动词后面。
形容词作表语
You look youngerthan before. 名词作表语
Myfather is a teacher. 副词作表语
Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语
They are at the theatre.不定式作表语
My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语
Her job is training the nurses.从句作表语
宾语
▲宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当，它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在谓语动词后面。有时，会有双宾语。
如：
名词作宾语 He never forgives others for their mistakes.
代词做宾语 He often helps me.
不定式作宾语 He likes to sleep in theopen air.
动名词作宾语The Americans enjoyed livingin China.
从句做宾语 I believe that they can finish the work intime.
▲直接宾语和间接宾语
及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语，宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的对象。但有些动词除了直接宾语外，还需要有一个间接宾语，间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的，所以只能用名词或代词来充当。如：
We brought themsome food.
主 谓 间宾 直宾
间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面，但必须加to 或 for。
宾补
在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个巨资的意思。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.
如:
名词作宾补If you let me go, I’ll make you king.
形容词作宾补 Don’t make your hands dirty.
副词作宾补 We found Li Ming out when we arrived.
介词短语作宾补Make yourself at home.
省略to的不定式作宾补I saw a girl go into the building.
带to的不定式作宾补 The boy ordered the dog to lie down.
现在分词作宾补The boss kept them working all d***.
过去分词作宾补Yesterd*** he got his leg broken.
在英语中,常见的“宾语+宾语补足语”的结构有：
▲“宾语+名词”。常用于改结构的动词有：call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave等。
We call himJack.
They made Li Lei their monitor.
▲“宾语+形容词”。常见的动词有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want等。
如：Do you think his idea wrong?
We must keep our classroom clean.
We can’t leave him alone.
▲“宾语+副词”。副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系。常见的副词有：down, up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere等。
如：Let him in/ out.
Mr. Li droveus home.
When got there, we found him out.
▲“宾语+介词短语”。介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语(即宾语)所处的状态，两者有主表的关系。
如：We found everything in good order.
We regard him as our good friend.
He opened the door and found some of his friends in the rain.
▲“宾语+不定式”
充当宾补的不定式有三种：
A 要求带to的不定式
B要求不带to的不定式let, make, see, hear, watch等
C 单词help 后可加 to 或不加 to
▲“宾语+现在分词”
现在分词作宾补，此时在该句型中的宾语即为现在分词逻辑上的主语，有着主谓关系。
I saw them pl***ing on the pl***ground.
I heard Mary singingin the classroom.
▲“宾语+过去分词”。
宾语和宾补之间是被动关系，过去分词表示被动和完成。
I had my bikestolen.
The teacherexplained again and again to make himself understood.
▲ 形式宾语+形容词
We found itimpossible to get there before Saturd***.
▲宾语+what从句
Call me what you like. Mr. Li has made the factory what it istod***.
The mountain village is different from what it wasten years ago.
定语
▲定语用来修饰名词或代词。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以充当定语。因为它是修饰名词或代词的，而名词和代词可以作主语、表语或宾语，所以定语的位置很灵活，凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。
如：
形容词作定语 The black bike is mine.
代词作定语 What’s your name?
名词作定语 They madesome paper flowers.
介词短语作定语 The boys inthe room are in Class Three, Grade One.
从句作定语 The tall boy whois standing there is Peter.
▲修饰不定代词 something, anything, nothing, something, anyone, somebody,anybody, nobody 的定语必须后置。
如： We’ll go to have something English.
If you don’t know the answer, ask someone else.
Do you have anything important totell me?
▲介词短语作定语时要后置。
如：Do you know the boy behind thetree?
The students in the room are all my friends.
I think the picture on the left is better than the one on the right.
▲动词的不定式作定语时要后置
What about something to drink?
I have no time to travel to China is in Autumn or in Spring.
▲near by,below, downstairs等个别方位词作定语时要后置。
如：
We are at the topof the hill. Can you see the village below?
The people downstairs are listening to a talk now?
状语
状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式，从句或相当于副词的词或短语来充当。状语一般放在句末，但有时也可以放在句首、句中。
如：
He did it carefully(程度状语)
They missed me very much.(程度状语)
Without his help, we couldn’t work itout.(条件状语)
In order to catch up with my clas***ates,I must study hard.(目的状语)
When I was young, I could swim well.(时间状语)
读这些句子巧记句子成分
The snow glows white on the mountain tonight
皑皑白雪覆盖今夜的山
Not a footprint to be seen
埋藏身后我的足迹
A kingdom of isolation
在这孤独白色的国度
And it looks like I'm the queen
我就是那冰雪的女王
The wind is howling like this swirling storm inside
狂风呼号，内心变涌动不能平息
Couldn't keep it in, heaven knows I've tried
不管多努力，再也无法藏匿
Don't let them in, don't let them see
掩藏好自己，不许别人靠近
Be the good girl you alw***s have to be
做一个好女孩，你必须一直都是
Conceal, don't feel, don't let them know
把真心封闭，不让人看清
Well, now they know
如今被看清
Let it go, let it go
不再躲，不再怕
Can't hold it back anymore
秘密已经大白于天下
Let it go, let it go
不管他，不害怕
Turn aw*** and slam the door
告别过去不留一丝牵挂
I don't care what they're going to s***
别人的话，何必在乎它
Let the storm rage on
就让狂风怒号
My power flurries through the air into the ground
雪花漫天飘下，这是我的魔法
My soul is spiraling in frozen fractals all around
冰雪旋转纷飞，是我搞错灵魂在升华
I'm never going back, the past is in the past
过去已是过去，是再也回不去
Let it go, let it go
不沉溺，不在意
And I'll rise like the break of dawn
如晨曦一般冉冉升起
Let it go, let it go
算了吧，忘了吧
That perfect girl is gone
别指望我回到过去
Here I stand in the light of d***
站在这里，不再藏匿
Let the storm rage on
任那狂风怒号
The cold never bothered me anyw***
英语语法分析？
despite后面其实就是一个单词warnings ，并没有引导从句。what 引导的句子是warning的定语从句。
英语语法分析
1. showed 后的that 从句是宾语从句这是无疑的。
2. 宾语从中含有多个层次
a）主结构：
most people prevaricated for several minutes.多数人支吾了一会儿。
b) 时间状语after the planes struck, 飞机（发动机）出故障以后；
c）以现在分词短语形式出现的三个伴随状语
*1：making phone calls, （他们）打电话
*2：filing papers（他们）整理文件
*3：or shutting down their computers before attempting to escape.（他们）在尝试逃生之前关闭电脑。
由于make、file 和shut三个行为的支配者都是most people,所以用现在分词表示主动关系。
这里making phone calls, filing papers or shtting down their computers是与主要动词prevaricate相继发生的动作
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